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quota sampling
Quota sampling is a method for selecting survey participants that is a non-probabilistic version of stratified sampling.
==Process==
In quota sampling, a population is first segmented into mutually exclusive sub-groups, just as in stratified sampling. Then judgement is used to select the subjects or units from each segment based on a specified proportion. For example, an interviewer may be told to sample 200 females and 300 males between the age of 45 and 60. This means that individuals can put a demand on who they want to sample (targeting)
This second step makes the technique non-probability sampling. In quota sampling, there is non-random sample selection and this can be unreliable. For example, interviewers might be tempted to interview those people in the street who look most helpful, or may choose to use accidental sampling to question those closest to them, for time-keeping sake. The problem is that these samples may be biased because not everyone gets a chance of selection. Whereas in stratified sampling (its probabilistic version), the chance of any unit of the population is the same as 1/n (n= number of units in the population). This non-random element is a source of uncertainty about the nature of the actual sample and quota versus probability has been a matter of controversy for many years.〔(Marketing Research and Information Systems. (Marketing and Agribusiness Texts – 4) )〕
抄文引用元・出典: フリー百科事典『 ウィキペディア（Wikipedia）』
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